An oil-water separator, also known as an oil-water separator tank or condensate separator, is a device used to separate oil and other hydrocarbons from water, typically in the context of condensate water that is generated as a byproduct of various industrial processes, especially those involving compressed air systems or oil-rich machinery. The goal is to remove the oil or hydrocarbons from the water before it is discharged into the environment or a wastewater treatment system. Here's how it generally works:

1. Inlet: Condensate water mixed with oil or hydrocarbons enters the separator from the industrial equipment.

2. Separation: Inside the separator tank, there are various mechanisms to facilitate separation. These may include baffles, coalescing plates, and gravity settling. The primary principle is to slow down the flow of water, allowing the oil to rise to the surface due to its lower density and the water to settle at the bottom.

3. Coalescing: In some separators, coalescing plates or media are used to enhance the separation process. These plates encourage small oil droplets to combine into larger ones, making it easier for them to float to the surface.

4. Oil Removal: Once the oil accumulates at the surface, it can be skimmed off or pumped out of the separator. The separated water, now mostly free of oil or hydrocarbons, is typically discharged or sent for further treatment if required.

5. Monitoring and Maintenance: Regular monitoring and maintenance of the separator are essential to ensure it operates efficiently. This may involve inspecting the oil level, cleaning or replacing coalescing media, and ensuring proper disposal of the removed oil.

Oil-water separators are crucial in preventing oil and hydrocarbon pollution in water bodies and maintaining compliance with environmental regulations. They are commonly used in various industries, including manufacturing, automotive, and oil and gas, where the generation of oily wastewater or condensate is prevalent. Properly functioning oil-water separators help protect the environment and reduce the risk of fines or legal liabilities associated with water pollution.